| Definition | Live beneficial bacteria or yeasts | Non-digestible fibers that nourish gut bacteria | Provide food and promote the growth of good bacteria |
| Source | Foods (e.g., yogurt, kefir, sauerkraut) | Foods (e.g., garlic, onions, bananas) | Naturally produced by the body or supplemental |
| Function | Restore and maintain a healthy gut flora | Improve digestion, boost the immune system | Enhance digestion and nutrient absorption |
| Mode of Action | Colonize the gut and interact with microbes | Act as food for probiotics and gut bacteria | Break down complex molecules into simpler forms |
| Benefits | Improve digestion, boost immune system | Support gut health, enhance nutrient absorption | Aid in breaking down proteins, carbs, and fats |
| Potential Side Effects | Mild digestive discomfort in some individuals | Gas and bloating in some individuals | Rare, but potential allergic reactions |
| Examples | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Saccharomyces | Inulin, oligofructose, fructooligosaccharides | Amylase, lipase, protease, lactase |
